Understanding the disease

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into many types of cells. Research is currently using stem cells to develop what are mini-organ models, known as organoids, to re-create a part of the brain known as the cerebral cortex. Organoids made from people with autism and their unaffected parents helped compare the differences in growth of the organoids between family members. This research was able to show that the neurons from people with autism matured faster than people without autism.

This is an exciting area of research that is helping lead the way to better understand what may be causing autism in patients with no known genetic link. 

Developing new drugs

Growing the neurons from people with autism to create models of the brain can provide an important tool for researchers to test new drugs in a tailored, patient specific way.

Replacing lost cells

Whilst there is exciting development in creating neurons from stem cells of patients with autism, using stem cells as therapy is not very clear. Current understanding of autism suggests that abnormalities in neural networks, and not necessarily deficient or damaged cells, may lead to a person developing autism, which makes simply replacing or adding neural cells not straightforward. There are many answers to learn before cell therapies are routine for people with autism.

Despite evidence suggesting a genetic basis for autism spectrum disorder, only about 10-20% of autism cases have a clear genetic cause. Rather than directly using stem cells as therapy, much of the research using stem cells is likely to focus on better understanding autism and possible treatment options, including other co-occurring issues related to autism spectrum disorder such as gut problems and dysfunctional immune systems.

Although some clinics may claim to offer stem cell treatments for autism, there are serious questions about the scientific rationale and the safety of these approaches. Currently, there are no proven, safe and effective stem cell treatment for this disease available in Australia, the EU, US or elsewhere.

While some clinics may state they are conducting clinical trials, and even register them on clinicaltrials.gov, please note that the scientific justification for the intervention and the credentials of those offering the service may have NOT been fully evaluated. Make sure you consult with your medical specialist or general practitioner as they are best placed to advise you on what may be available for you given your circumstances.